Configure su propia red privada con OpenVPN
Vultr le ofrece una increíble conectividad de red privada para servidores que se ejecutan en la misma ubicación. Pero a veces quieres dos servidores en diferentes países.
Paste 2.1 is a simple and flexible, free and open source pastebin application for storing code, text and more. It was initially forked from the freely available original source code used by pastebin.com before the domain was sold in 2010. Since that time, the Paste developers have added lots of improvements and features such as a featureful Admin Dashboard with site statstics and settings, IP and user bans, the ability to selectively delete pastes, user accounts with social integration, profile pages, and all of the usual extras such as syntax highlighting for the majority of languages, configurable paste limits and much more.
In this tutorial we are going to install Paste 2.1 on a Debian 9 LAMP VPS using Apache web server, PHP 7.1, and a MariaDB database.
We will start by adding a new sudo
user.
First, log into your server as root
:
ssh root@YOUR_VULTR_IP_ADDRESS
The sudo
command isn't installed by default in the Vultr Debain 9 server instance, so we will first install sudo
:
apt-get -y install sudo
Now add a new user called user1
(or your preferred username):
adduser user1
When prompted, enter a secure and memorable password. You will also be prompted for your "Full Name" and some other details, but you can simply leave them blank by pressing Enter
.
Now check the /etc/sudoers
file to make sure that the sudoers
group is enabled:
visudo
Look for a section like this:
%sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
This line tells us that users who are members of the sudo
group can use the sudo
command to gain root
privileges. It will be uncommented by default so you can simply exit the file.
Next we need to add user1
to the sudo
group:
usermod -aG sudo user1
We can verify the user1
group membership and check that the usermod
command worked with the groups
command:
groups user1
Now use the su
command to switch to the new sudo user user1
account:
su - user1
The command prompt will update to indicate that you are now logged into the user1
account. You can verify this with the whoami
command:
whoami
Now restart the sshd
service so that you can login via ssh
with the new non-root sudo user account you have just created:
sudo systemctl restart sshd
Exit the user1
account:
exit
Exit the root
account (which will disconnect your ssh
session):
exit
You can now ssh
into the server instance from your local host using the new non-root sudo user user1
account:
ssh user1@YOUR_VULTR_IP_ADDRESS
If you want to execute sudo without having to type a password every time, then open the /etc/sudoers
file again, using visudo
:
sudo visudo
Edit the section for the sudo
group so that it looks like this:
%sudo ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
Please note: Disabling the password requirement for the sudo user is not a recommended practice, but it is included here as it can make server configuration much more convenient and less frustrating, especially during longer systems administration sessions. If you are concerned about the security implications, you can always revert the configuration change to the original after you finish your administration tasks.
Whenever you want to log into the root
user account from within the sudo
user account, you can use one of the following commands:
sudo -i
sudo su -
You can exit the root
account and return back to your sudo
user account any time by simply typing:
exit
Before installing any packages on the CentOS server instance, we will first update the system.
Make sure you are logged in to the server using a non-root sudo user and run the following commands:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y upgrade
Install the Apache web server:
sudo apt-get -y install apache2
Then use the systemctl
command to start and enable Apache to execute automatically at boot time:
sudo systemctl enable apache2
sudo systemctl start apache2
Check your Apache default site configuration file to ensure that the DocumentRoot
directive points to the correct directory:
sudo vi /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf
The DocumentRoot
configuration option will look like this:
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
We now need to enable the mod_rewrite
Apache module, so ensure that your Apache deafult site configuration file is still open, and add the following Directory
Apache directives just before the closing </VirtualHost>
tag, so that the end of your configuration file looks like this:
<Directory /var/www/html/>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
The most important directive shown above is AllowOverride All
.
Now save and exit the file, and enable the mod_rewrite
Apache module:
sudo a2enmod rewrite
We will restart Apache at the end of this tutorial, but restarting Apache regularly during installation and configuration is certainly a good habit, so let's do it now:
sudo systemctl restart apache2
We can now install PHP 7.0 along with all of the necessary PHP modules required by Paste:
sudo apt-get -y install php php-gd php-mbstring php-common php-mysql php-imagick php-xml libapache2-mod-php php-curl php-tidy php-zip
Debian 9 defaults to using MariaDB database server, which is an enhanced, fully open source, community developed, drop-in replacement for MySQL server.
Install MariaDB database server:
sudo apt-get -y install mariadb-server
Start and enable MariaDB server to execute automatically at boot time:
sudo systemctl enable mariadb
sudo systemctl start mariadb
Secure your MariaDB server installation:
sudo mysql_secure_installation
The root
password will be blank, so simply hit enter when prompted for the root
password.
When prompted to create a MariaDB/MySQL root
user, select "Y" (for yes) and then enter a secure root
password. Simply answer "Y" to all of the other yes/no questions as the default suggestions are the most secure options.
Log into the MariaDB shell as the MariaDB root
user by running the following command:
sudo mariadb -u root -p
To access the MariaDB command prompt, simply enter the MariaDB root
password when prompted.
Run the following queries to create a MariaDB database and database user for Paste:
CREATE DATABASE paste_db CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
CREATE USER 'paste_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'UltraSecurePassword';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON paste_db.* TO 'paste_user'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;
You can replace the database name paste_db
and username paste_user
with something more to your liking, if you prefer. Also, make sure that you replace "UltraSecurePassword" with an actually secure password.
Change your current working directory to the default web directory:
cd /var/www/html/
If you get an error message saying something like 'No such file or directory'
then try the following command:
cd /var/www/ ; sudo mkdir html ; cd html
Your current working directory will now be: /var/www/html/
. You can check this with the pwd
(print working directory) command:
pwd
Now use wget
to download the Paste installation package:
sudo wget --content-disposition https://sourceforge.net/projects/phpaste/files/latest/download?source=files
Please note: You should definitely check for the most recent version by visiting the Paste download page.
List the current directory to check that you have successfully downloaded the file:
ls -la
Remove index.html
:
sudo rm index.html
Let's quickly install unzip
so we can unzip the file:
sudo apt-get -y install unzip
Now uncompress the zip archive:
sudo unzip paste-2.1.zip
Change ownership of the web files to avoid any permissions problems:
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data * ./
Restart Apache again:
sudo systemctl restart apache2
Now we're ready to move on to the final step.
It's time to visit the IP address of your server instance in your browser, or if you've already configured your Vultr DNS settings (and given it enough time to propagate) you can simply visit your domain instead.
To access the Paste installation page, enter your Vultr instance IP address into your browser address bar, followed by /install/
:
http://YOUR_VULTR_IP_ADDRESS/install/
Most of the installation options are self explanatory, but here are a few pointers to help you along:
Ensure that the Pre-installation checks
are all green. Specifically, the following 3 files must be writable
:
config.php
tmp/temp.tdata
sitemap.xml
Enter the following DATABASE INFORMATION
:
Hostname: localhost
Database Name: paste_db
Username: paste_user
Password: UltraSecurePassword
Make a note of the key
value and store it in a safe place, then click Install
to continue.
Enter the following Administrator details:
Username: admin
Password: <secure admin password>
Click Submit
to finalize the installation.
To access the admin section simply click on the dashboard
button and enter your username and password. If you aren't redirected to the admin login page, you can enter the admin address manually:
http://YOUR_VULTR_IP_ADDRESS/admin/
For security reasons, make sure you delete the /install/
directory from the webroot directory:
sudo rm -rf ./install
If you get an error message when trying to delete the /install/
directory, simply change the permissions of the webroot and try again:
sudo chmod 755 .
sudo rm -rf ./install
You are now ready to start administering your own personal pastebin site.
Vultr le ofrece una increíble conectividad de red privada para servidores que se ejecutan en la misma ubicación. Pero a veces quieres dos servidores en diferentes países.
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