如何在FreeBSD上配置DJBDNS

本教程将向您展示如何配置易于维护，易于配置且通常比传统的BIND服务更安全的DNS服务。本文假定您正在运行安装了FreeBSD的VPS。

首先，打开您的终端并安装此软件包：

<ceph>[~]# pkg install djbdns                                              
Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue...
FreeBSD repository is up-to-date.
All repositories are up-to-date.
The following 3 packages will be affected (of 0 checked):

New packages to be INSTALLED:
djbdns: 1.05_20,1
ucspi-tcp: 0.88_2
daemontools: 0.76_17

The process will require 1 MB more space.
251 KB to be downloaded.

Proceed with this action? [y/N]: y
Fetching djbdns-1.05_20,1.txz: 100%  139 KB 142.4k/s    00:01    
Fetching ucspi-tcp-0.88_2.txz: 100%   62 KB  63.1k/s    00:01    
Fetching daemontools-0.76_17.txz: 100%   51 KB  51.7k/s    00:01    
Checking integrity... done (0 conflicting)
[1/3] Installing ucspi-tcp-0.88_2...
[1/3] Extracting ucspi-tcp-0.88_2: 100%
[2/3] Installing daemontools-0.76_17...
[2/3] Extracting daemontools-0.76_17: 100%
[3/3] Installing djbdns-1.05_20,1...
[3/3] Extracting djbdns-1.05_20,1: 100%

安装将自动安装其他软件包（daemontools和ucspi-tcp）。

创建两个用户，gtinydns和gdnslog。从第一个用户开始：

<ceph>[~]# adduser         
Username: gtinydns
Full name: gtinydns
Uid (Leave empty for default): 
Login group [gtinydns]: 
Login group is gtinydns. Invite gtinydns into other groups? []: 
Login class [default]: 
Shell (sh csh tcsh zsh rzsh nologin) [sh]: nologin
Home directory [/home/gtinydns]: 
Home directory permissions (Leave empty for default): 
Use password-based authentication? [yes]: 
Use an empty password? (yes/no) [no]: 
Use a random password? (yes/no) [no]: yes
Lock out the account after creation? [no]: 
Username   : gtinydns
Password   : <random>
Full Name  : gtinydns
Uid        : 1002
Class      : 
Groups     : gtinydns 
Home       : /home/gtinydns
Home Mode  : 
Shell      : /usr/sbin/nologin
Locked     : no
OK? (yes/no): yes
adduser: INFO: Successfully added (gtinydns) to the user database.
adduser: INFO: Password for (gtinydns) is: rTsada2131sa1Mg
Add another user? (yes/no): no
Goodbye!

现在，添加第二个用户：

<ceph>[~]# adduser
Username: gdnslog
Full name: gdnslog
Uid (Leave empty for default):  
Login group [gdnslog]: 
Login group is gdnslog. Invite gdnslog into other groups? []: 
Login class [default]: 
Shell (sh csh tcsh zsh rzsh nologin) [sh]: nologin
Home directory [/home/gdnslog]: 
Home directory permissions (Leave empty for default): 
Use password-based authentication? [yes]: 
Use an empty password? (yes/no) [no]: 
Use a random password? (yes/no) [no]: yes
Lock out the account after creation? [no]: 
Username   : gdnslog
Password   : <random>
Full Name  : gdnslog
Uid        : 1003
Class      : 
Groups     : gdnslog 
Home       : /home/gdnslog
Home Mode  : 
Shell      : /usr/sbin/nologin
Locked     : no
OK? (yes/no): yes
adduser: INFO: Successfully added (gdnslog) to the user database.
adduser: INFO: Password for (gdnslog) is: jWsdad33aasdaFa0
Add another user? (yes/no): no
Goodbye!

运行以下命令。用您的Vultr服务器的地址替换IP地址。

<ceph>[~]# tinydns-conf gtinydns gdnslog /usr/local/etc/tinydns 108.61.100.100

此命令将在中创建目录，文件和其他子目录/usr/local/etc/tinydns。它还会将VPS的IP地址放入/usr/local/etc/tinydns/env/IP。

创建目录/service。

<ceph>[~]# mkdir /service

编辑/etc/rc.conf文件：

<ceph>[~]# ee /etc/rc.conf

...以及以下几行：

svscan_enable="YES"
svscan_servicedir="/service"

保存配置并启动svscan服务：

<ceph>[~]# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/svscan start
Starting svscan.

接下来，转到此目录：

 <ceph>[~]# cd /usr/local/etc/tinydns/root

编辑data文件：

 <ceph>[root]# ee data

...并添加一些DNS数据：

# domain1.com
Zdomain1.com:dns1.domain1.com.:ns.domain1.com.:2013101203:604800:86400:2419200:604800:3600
&domain1.com::dns1.domain1.com.:3600
&domain1.com::dns2.domain1.com.:3600

# MX
@domain1.com::mail1.domain1.com.:10:3600
@domain1.com::mail2.domain1.com.:30:3600

# IP's (A records)
=dns1.domain1.com:108.61.210.99:3600
=dns2.domain1.com:89.201.163.42:3600
=mail1.domain1.com:89.201.163.42:3600
=mail2.domain1.com:85.114.41.8:3600
=www.domain1.com:108.61.178.194:3600
=test1.domain1.com:193.198.184.100:3600
=test2.domain1.com:108.61.178.215:3600

# Aliases
+domain1.com:108.61.178.194:3600
+smtp.domain1.com:89.201.163.42:3600
+imap.domain1.com:89.201.163.42:3600

保存文件并退出。

运行ls：

<ceph>[root]# ls
Makefile  add-alias  add-childns  add-host  add-mx  add-ns  data

将您的文本数据转换为数据库格式：

<ceph>[root]# make
/usr/local/bin/tinydns-data

ls再次运行：

<ceph>[root]# ls
Makefile  add-alias  add-childns  add-host  add-mx  add-ns  data  data.cdb

注意data.cdb文件。您已经使用make命令创建了它。

还有一件事，创建一个符号链接：

<ceph>[root]# ln -s /usr/local/etc/tinydns /service

现在测试您的新DNS服务器。替换108.61.178.110为服务器的IP地址。

<ceph>[root]# host www.domain1.com 108.61.178.110 
Using domain server:
Name: 108.61.178.110
Address: 108.61.178.110#53
Aliases: 

www.domain1.com has address 108.61.178.194

名称服务器查找：

<ceph>[root]# host -t ns domain1.com 108.61.178.110 
Using domain server:
Name: 108.61.178.110
Address: 108.61.178.110#53
Aliases: 

domain1.com name server dns1.domain1.com.
domain1.com name server dns2.domain1.com.

Mailserver MX查找：

<ceph>[root]# host -t mx domain1.com 108.61.178.110 
Using domain server:
Name: 108.61.178.110
Address: 108.61.178.110#53
Aliases: 

domain1.com mail is handled by 10 mail1.domain1.com.
domain1.com mail is handled by 30 mail2.domain1.com.

还有一点时间可以确定：

<ceph>[root]# host mail1.domain1.com 108.61.178.110 
Using domain server:
Name: 108.61.178.110
Address: 108.61.178.110#53
Aliases: 

mail1.domain1.com has address 89.201.163.42

恭喜你！您有一个正常工作的DNS服务器。domain1.com用您的域替换。每次更改后，运行make命令以制作新data.cdb文件。

数据文件说明：

“ A”记录以=符号开头。带别名的别名或CNAME记录+。邮件服务器以@符号开头。带有&标志的名称服务器。

范例1：

=test1.domain1.com:193.198.184.100:3600

=代表“ A”记录。test1.domain1.com是DNS名称，IP 193.198.184.100是test1.domain1.com解析地址，3600是TTL（生存时间）。

范例2：

# MX
@domain1.com::mail1.domain1.com.:10:3600
@domain1.com::mail2.domain1.com.:30:3600

在此示例中，mail1和mail2是的邮件服务器domain1.com。mail1优先级为10，mail2优先级为30。这意味着邮件服务器将首先尝试将邮件传递到mail1。如果mail1失败，则他们将尝试mail2。

以下行标记了区域信息的开始。它是必需的。

Zdomain1.com:dns1.domain1.com.:ns.domain1.com.:2013101203:604800:86400:2419200:604800:3600

2013101203当您在某些其他提供程序上具有辅助DNS时，将使用该编号。当您将数字更改为时2013101204，辅助DNS将知道DNS中有一些更改，并将获取这些更改。这仅用于提供信息（您需要AXFR DNS传输服务）。或者，您可以使用该rsync程序在两个DJBDNS服务器之间复制和粘贴DNS更改。

如果您的FreeBSD服务器上装有PF防火墙，请添加以下行以允许DNS查询：

pass quick proto {tcp, udp} from any to $me port 53 flags S/SA keep state